| Test System |
Normal tissue/tumor |
Type of assay/endpoint |
| Mice in vivo |
| Swiss albino mice |
|
free radical scavenging activity assay, LD50/30 assay[1] |
| Swiss female mice |
spleen, liver, bone marrow |
micronuclei assay, antioxidative enzyme assays, comet assay, TBARS assay[2] |
| female Swiss albino mice |
liver, spleen, intestines and brain, blood leukocytes |
TBARS assay, alkaline comet assay, antioxidative enzyme assay[3] |
| female Swiss albino mice bearing fibrosarcoma |
| rats in vivo |
| Sprague-Dawley rats |
tongue |
measurement of TAS and TOS, OSI, LOOH and -SH levels[4] |
| Sprague-Dawley rats |
lens |
biochemical analysis[5] |
| albino rats |
liver, kidney |
ultrastructure study[6] |
| male albino Wistar rats |
brain |
Nitric oxide synthase activity assay[7] |
| male Wistar albino rats |
spleen and thymus lymphoid follicles |
protein estimation, TBARS assay, histological study, leukocyte count, LD50/30 assay[8] |
| male Wistar albino rats |
peripheral blood lymphocytes |
ANAE staining, TBARS assay, determination of level nonenzymatic antioxidant markers[9] |
| Sprague-Dawley rats |
liver |
Measurement of TAS-TOS, -SH, and LOOH Levels and Calculation
of OSI, enzyme assay[10] |
| Sprague-Dawley rats |
lens |
Chylack' cataract classification, enzyme assay[11] |
| male rats |
T lymphocytes,thymus |
TBARS assay, lipid profile analysis, flow cytometric analysis, apoptosis assay, histological study[12] |
| male CF rats |
intestine |
TBARS assay, antioxidative enzyme assay, intestinal morphological study[13] |
| In vitro study |
| mice ex vivo |
splenic lymphocytes |
TBARS assay, comet assay[2] |
| Plasmid pBR322 DNA |
|
Gel electrophoresis(plasmid relaxation study)[2] |
| REFERENCES: |
| 1. |
Jagetia GC, Ravikiran PB, Radioprotective potential of Nigella Sativa extract in Swiss Albino Mice
exposed to whole Body γ-radiation. Altern Integr Med 2014; 3(4):1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.1000168 |
| 2. |
Rastogi L et l, Protection against radiation-induced oxidative
damage by an ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2010;86(9):719–731.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2010.484480 |
| 3. |
Velho-Pereira R et al, Radioprotection by macerated extract of Nigella sativa in normal tissues of
fibrosarcoma bearing mice. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012;
74(5): 403–414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250474X.
108415 |
| 4. |
Üstün K et al, Radio-protective effects of Nigella sativa oil on oxidative stress in tongue tissue of rat. Oral Diseases 2014; 20(1):109–113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12082 |
| 5. |
Taysi S et al, The radioprotective effect of Nigella sativa on nitrosative stress in lens
tissue in radiation-induced cataract in rat. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2014; Early Online: 1–6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569527.2014.910802 |
| 6. |
Abdel-Azeem MG, Evaluation of the radioprotective and curative role of a natural antioxidant against cellular
ultrastructural hazards induced in rats by gamma radiation exposure. Isotope and Radiation Research. 2005;
37(6):1509-1523.
https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:37116890 |
| 7. |
Ahlatci A et al, Radiation-modifying abilities of Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone on
radiation-induced nitrosative stress in the brain tissue. Phytomedicine 2014;21:740–744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.023 |
| 8. |
Assayed ME, Radioprotective effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil
against hemopoietic damage and immunosuppression
in gamma-irradiated rats. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 2010; 32(2): 284–296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08923970903307552 |
| 9. |
Cemek M et al, In vivo radioprotective effects of Nigella sativa L oil and reduced
glutathione against irradiation-induced oxidative injury and
number of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2006; 82: 1691-1696.
http://dx.doi.org/10.156212006-06-15-RA-924 |
| 10. |
Cikman O et al, Radioprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil against
oxidative stress in liver tissue of rats exposed to total
head irradiation. Journal of Investigative Surgery 2014; 27: 262–266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08941939.2014.898811 |
| 11. |
Demir E et al, The effects of Nigella sativa oil, thymoquinone,
propolis, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on
radiation-induced cataract. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2015 Apr 10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0736-4 |
| 12. |
Guida MS et al, Thymoquinone rescues T Lymphocytes
from gamma irradiation-induced
apoptosis and exhaustion by modulating
pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and
PD-1, Bax, and Bcl-2 signaling. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;38:786-800.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/00044303 |
| 13. |
Pandey N et al, Effect of methanolic fraction of the seeds of
Nigella sativa Linn on radiation induced GI
damage in rats. Nutr Food Technol. 2015;
1(1):1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2470-6086.102 |
