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Tinospora cordifolia

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RADIOBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Dose
Modification
Ratio[DMF]:
Studies
related
to DMF :
Test System Dose of radiation Extract Conc. Time of extract administration DMF/qualitative
radiomodification		 Reference
female Swiss albino mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma 6 Gy hemibody irradiation
 30 mg/kg b.wt. of dichloromethane stem extract 1 hr before irradiation and then once daily for another six consecutive days after irradiation significant decline in GSH and GST accompanied by a significant elevation in Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in tumor cells [1]
5 min of exposure to irradiation, followed by a single administration of TCE once daily for another six consecutive days after irradiation. increase in lifespan and tumor-free survuval(Long time survival upto 60 days)
HeLa cells in vitro 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 Gy of γ-radiation methylene chloride extract of guduchi(10 µg/ml) before irradiation enhancement of radiation effect(loss in the clonogenicity) [2]
60Co irradiation
Swiss albino mice 2 Gy 200 mg/kg body weight of stem extract(aqua-alcoholic, 50/50,v/v), IP 1 hr before irradiation protection of splenocytes and macrophages and their function
(attenuation of radiation-induced decrease in adherence and spreading),		 [3]
Swiss albino female mice 2.5 Gy
1.36 Gy/min		 75mg/kg/body wt of hydroalcoholic root extract, orally, daily for 5 consecutive days before irradiation protection of ovaries against radiation [4]
Swiss albino male mice 2.5 Gy
221 cGy/min		 75mg/kg/body wt of TCE root extract orally for 5 consecutive days after 30 minutes of the last dose administration on day 5th such animals were exposed to radiation radioprotection(reduction in radiation-induced variations in total proteins, cholesterol and LPO levels in the blood serum) [5]
Swiss albino male mice 2 Gy
0.64 to 0.59 Gy/min		 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg bw, stem extract 1 hr before irradiation protection from radiation-induced micronuclei formation [6]
10 Gy 200 mg/kg, bw, IP, stem extract reduction in radiation-induced mortality and weight loss
Swiss albino mice 8 Gy Aqueous extract 5 mg/kg body wt, orally 1 h and 15 days prior to whole body radiation protection in terms of survival percentage, reduction in radiation sickness [7]
Aqueous extract 10 mg/kg body wt/day, orally 7 days prior to whole body irradiation
HeLa S3 cells 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy
1 Gy/min		 1, 2, or 4 µg/mL extract 4 hours before exposure decrease in the cell viability [8]
2 Gy 1, 2, or 4 μg/mL TCE for 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6 hours before irradiation decrease in clonogenicity
male Swiss albino mice 7.5 Gy
221 cGy/min		 root extract 75mg/kg b. wt/day, once daily for 5 consecutive days after 30min of the last dose administration on day 5, animals were exposed to radiation increase in body weight, testes- body weight ratio and tubular diameter in irradiated animals
radioprotection of testicular constituents		 [9]
Swiss albino male mice 2.5 Gy
221 cGy/min		 root extract 75mg/ kg. b.wt once daily for 5 consecutive days, orally before irradiation alleviation of radiation-mediated adverse effect in liver [10]
Swiss albino mice 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12Gy
1.36 Gy/min		 ethanolic extract 75mg/kg.b.wt./day, orally before irradiation DRF(survival, radiation sickness) = 1.68
reduction in radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in liver		 [11]
BSA in buffer(0.12 mg/ml) 300 Gy at 250C
16 Gy/min 		arabinogalactan polysaccharide isolated from Tinospora cordifolia
0–1 µmol		 before irradiation protection of protein oxidation [12]
mice in vivo aqua-alcoholic extract of 250 mg/kg body weight, IP 1 h before irradiation DRF(survival) = 1.43 [13]
Swiss albino mice 4 Gy for 24 hrs ethanolic stem extract of T. cordifolia 500 mg/kg, orally for 7 days after irradiation normalization in hematological cell profile in irradiated animals and radioprotection of intestine(crypt of villi) [14]
Wistar Albino mice 4 Gy
0.77 Gy/min		 n-butanol fraction of stem ethanolic extract 80 and 120 mg/kg, IP 15 days prior to whole body radiation exposure(1 h prior to the radiation exposure and continued upto 15th day). radioprotective effect [15]
Swiss albino mice 2.5 Gy
118 cGy/min		 root extract, 75 mg/kg b. wt./ day, orally for 5 consecutive days on day 5th, last dose is administered half an hour before irradiation Reduction in radiation-induced testicular injuries [16]
Fractionation study:
REFERENCES
1. Rao SK, Rao PS, Rao BN, Preliminary investigation of the radiosensitizing activity of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in ttumor-bearing mice. Phytother. Res. 2008;22:1482–1489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2508
2. Jagetia GC, Nayak V, Vidhyasagar MS, Enhancement of radiation effect by Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in HeLa cells. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2002;40(3):179-188.
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13754577
3. Singh L et al, Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on Gamma ray-induced perturbations in macrophages and splenocytes. J. Radiat. Res.2007; 48(4): 305–315.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.07001
4. Sharma R, In vivo delivery of Tinospora cordifolia root extract preventing radiation-induced dystrophies in mice ovaries. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 346427, 7 pages.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/346427
5. Sharma P, Goyal PK, Modulation of biochemical and antioxidant enzymes in blood by Tinospora cordifolia against gamma radiation mediated damage in mice. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015;8(3):106-112.
http://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/viewFile/4662/2434
6. Goel HC et al, Radioprotective poential of an herbal extract of Tinospora cordifolia. J. Radiat. Res. 2004;45(1):61-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.45.61
7. Pahadiya S, Sharma J, Alteration of lethal effects of gamma rays in Swiss albino mice by Tinospora cordifolia. Phytother. Res. 2003; 17:552–554.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1156
8. Rao SK, Rao PS, Alteration in the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells by Dichloromethane extract of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). Integrative Cancer Therapies 2010; 9(4): 378–384.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735410387598
9. Sharma P et al, Radiation-induced testicular injury and its amelioration by Tinospora cordifolia (an Indian medicinal plant) extract. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011, Article ID 643847, 9 pages.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/643847
10. Sharma P, Goyal PK, Protective action of Tinospora cordifolia extract against radiation induced biochemical alterations in liver. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;6(6):305-311.
http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol6Issue6/9603.pdf
11. Sharma R, Sharma P, Goyal PK, Appraising radioprotective potential of Tinospora cordifolia (Amrita) extract in Swiss albino mice exposed to different doses of gamma radiation. Pharmacologyonline. 2009; 2: 249-260.
http://pharmacologyonline.silae.it/files/archives/2009/vol2/023.Sharma.pdf
12. Subramanian M, Chintalwar GJ, Chattopadhyay S, Antioxidant properties of a Tinospora cordifolia polysaccharide against iron-mediated lipid damage and γ-ray induced protein damage. Redox Report. 2002; 7(3):137-143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/135100002125000370
13. Tyagi S et al, Augmentation of antioxidant defense system by Tinospora cordifolia: implications in radiation protection. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. 2009;6(1):1553-3840.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-3840.1322
14. Verma N, Khosa RL, Pathak AK, Evaluation of tissue protective activity of Tinospora cordifolia stems in irradiated Swiss albino mice with 60Co radiation. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2010; 10/1: 32 - 35.
http://www.informaticsjournals.com/index.php/jnr/article/view/423/423
15. Patel A et al, Radioprotective and cytoprotective activity of Tinospora cordifolia stem enriched extract containing cordifolioside-A. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013; 45(3): 237–243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.111919
16. Sharma P et al, Radiation induced oxidative stress and its toxicity in testes of mice and their prevention by Tinospora cordifolia extract. Journal of Reproductive Health and Medicine. 2015; 1(2):64–75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrhm.2015.01.005