| Name: |
Syzygium cumini |
|---|
| Synonyms/Scientific names: | Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels[1],[2]Eugenia jambolana Lam.[3], Myrtus cumini Linn., Syzygium jambolana DC., Syzygium jambolanum
(Lam.) DC., Eugenia djouant Perr., Calyptranthes jambolana Willd., Eugenia cumini (Linn.) Druce. and Eugenia
caryophyllifolia Lam.[2],[4]
Synonyms/common names :Black Plum/Jamun[3],jambolan, black plum, jamun, java plum, Indian blackberry, Portuguese
plum, Malabar plum, purple plum, Jamaica and damson plum[1],[2]
Trade name:
|
|---|
| Description: |
Family :Myrtaceae[1],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9]
A moderately fast emergent tropical evergreen tree[9],indigenous to the Indian subcontinent[6]
|
| Extract used: |
seed:
ethanolic extract[10]
chloroform fraction[11]
Aqueous extract[12]
ethyl acetate and methanol extract[13],[14]
hydroalcoholic extract[15], used for radioprotection study[16],[17]
Petroleum ether[14]
Leaves:
hydroalcoholic extract[18]
ethanol extract[19]
Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, Methanol extract[14]
methanolic extract and its water, ethyl acetate,
chloroform, and n-hexane fractions[20]
polyphenols and triterpenes such as arjunolic acid, asiatic acid, terminolic acid, 6-hydroxyasiatic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid[21]
Stem bark:
petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extract[22],[23]
ethanolic extract[24]
aqueous extract[25]
root bark:
ethanolic extract, petroleum ether fraction, chloroform fraction,
n-butanol fraction and methanol fraction[26]
|
| Phyto-constituents(active): |
Myricetin, quercetin, kaempherol, Betulinic acid, Delphinidin, Anthocyanin, Malvidin, Petulidin, Ellagic acid, gallic acid, 1, 8-Cineole, β-sitosterol, malieic
acid, oxalic acid, gallic acid, tannins, cynidin glycoside, oleanolic acid, flavonoids, friedelin[3],[9]
116 kDa arabinogalactan containing pcoumaric
and ferulic acids in monomeric and dimeric forms has been isolated[27]
Leaves:
3-O-(4″-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of mearnsetin
(myricetin 4′-methyl ether) and myricetin 3-O-(4″-O-acetyl-2″-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside[28],[29]
phenolic
compounds, such as ferulic acid and catechin[20]
myricetin 3-O-(4″-acetyl)-α-Lrhamnopyranoside[30]
Fruit:
anthocyanins, vitamins, phenolics or tannins[31],[32],[33]
anthocyanins : 3,5-diglucosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin[34],[29]
Hydrolysable tannins were identified as ellagitannins, consisting of a
glucose core surrounded by gallic acid and ellagic acid units[35]
Seeds
tannins, saponin, triterpenoids[13]
gallotannins, jamutannins A and B and an ellagitannin,
iso-oenothein C[36]
gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin and related ellagitannins, 3,6–hexahydroxydiphenoyl-glucose and its
isomer, 4,6–hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose, 1–galloyl glucose, 3–galloyl glucose and quercetin in seeds[37]
Roots, stem and bark:
partially methylated derivatives
of ellagic acid i.e. 3,3'-di–O–methyl ellagic acid and 3,3', 4–tri–O–methyl ellagic acid in bark and seeds[37]
tannins[38]
β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and lupeol from root bark[26]
Bergenin from stem bark[23]
|
| Actions & Indications: |
Pharmcological Action-
hepatoprotective in mice[31],in rats[39],[18][40],[41] in rats in vitro[42]
Antidiabetic and antiulcer effects of seed extract in rats[43]
gastro-protective in rats[10],[38]
anti-inflammatory and antipyretic[11]
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in rats[22],[19],[13],[26]
antinociceptive in rats[26]
Anti-hyperglycemic effect in animals[44]
anti-atherogenic in rats[49]
anticonvulsant actions in mice[15]
antioxidant [45], in vitro[14]
anticancer in vitro(fruit extract)[46]
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic in rabbits[47]
Therapeutic indications:
Traditionally, it is used in
treatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea[3]
Preclinical study-
preclinical studies have also shown it to
possess antineoplastic, chemopreventive and radioprotective properties[3]
Seed extract is suggested to be effective in treating gastric ulcers co-ocurring with diabets in a study with rats in vivo[43]
Eugenia jambolana have been demonstrated to be useful in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus associated with ischemic heart disease[48]
|
| Notes: |
|
| REFERENCES |
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