| Action of Extract: |
Hydroalcoholic seed extract treatment protected mice against the radiation-induced
gastrointestinal as well as bone marrow death.[1]
Action on cell cycle:
|
| Target: |
Nucleic Acid
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seed extract showed significant protective effects against
hydroxyl radical induced strand breaks in pBR322 DNA[2]
leaf extract is suggested to haveinhibited the activation of NF-κB and COX-II mRNA[3],[4]
Reduction in the radiation-induced micronuclei in mice splenocytes by leaf extraxt is suggested to be
to the error-free DNA repair[3]
leaf extract reduced radiation-induced
DNA damage and complex chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro[5]
proteins:
seed extract caused increase in GSH level and activity of GST, SOD and CAT in mice [2],[6]
Lipids:
seed extract significant inhibited hepatic lipid
peroxidation in mice [2]
seed extract decreased lipid
peroxidation in gastric mucosa of rats[7]
leaf extract inhibited lipid peroxidation in mice brain homogenate in dose-dependent manner[3]
sugars:
methanolic stem bark extract decreased the degradation
of deoxyribose by scavenging the hydroxyl radical[8]
|
| Mechanism: |
In a cell free system, leaf extract inhibited the formation of OH, superoxide anion radical, DPPH, and ABTS+ free radicals in a concentration dependent
manner.[3], and inhibition of radiation-induced free radical formation by leaf and seed extract is suggested to be its one of the mechanisms of radioprotection. It may block radiation-induced
lipid peroxidation, also upregulate antioxidant
mechanisms of cells, thereby reducing DNA damage[6], It is speculated to have also upregulated DNA polymerase
and efficiently repaired the lesions induced by radiation
in the cellular genome[3],[4]
Ellagic acid, gallic acid, Quercetin, Oleanolic acid are the constituents said to be responsible for radioprotective effect of Syzygium cumini [9],[1]
Scavenging of free radicals
by seed and leaf extract is reported to have played an important role in providing
the protection against the radiation-induced damage, which is attributed to the presence of flavonoids(quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin) and ellagic
acid in seed and leaf extract.[1],[6],[10],[4]
fruit pulp ameliorated the H2O2-induced adverse effects on rat Leydig cells in vitro[11]
fruit skin exhibited DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radical-scavenging activity[12],[13]
leaf extract exhibited a dose-dependent NO scavenging activity[14]
Seed and leaf extract exhibited significant DPPH, ABTS, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in vitro and also antioxidative activity in vitro[15],[16], phenolic components from bark exhibited DPPH scavenging activity[17],[18], ellagitannin from fruit extract showed DPPH scavenging activity in vitro[19]
Gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, two triterpene acids: Oleanolic acid and Ursolic acid found in plant extracts are shown to possess the ability to decrease undesirable radiation damage [20],[21],[22],[23],[24],[25],[26],[27]
|
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